126 TrajkovicK.HsuC.ChiantiaS.RajendranL.WenzelD.WielandF.et al (2008)
doi: 10.1155/2022/4787643 109 YanJChenYHeCYangZZLuCChenXS
20 nM), rapamycin (Sigma-Aldrich, 553210
Surgery success rates are generally good for pain relief (70 to 90% improvement in leg pain symptoms), but come with risks: infection, nerve damage, disc reherniation (5 to 15% recurrence rate after microdiscectomy), and adjacent segment disease with fusion (20 to 30% develop problems within 10 years)
Some variants have clear structural explanations for their loss-of-function, for example, variants can disrupt binding of carnitine (R471C/H/P), affect the Na + -binding site (N32S), disrupt the TM2-TM11 H-bonding network (S467C) or perturb gating residues conserved in OCTs/OATs (R169Q/P/W)